托福阅读事实信息题范例-8

　　托福阅读题型中事实信息题是根据文中明确出现的事实细节等，选择选项中与之相近的同义改写选项。小编为大家带来托福阅读事实信息题范例汇总，希望对大家托福备考有所帮助。

　　托福阅读未明确段落，但定位线索明确事实信息题

　　1)题目不是最后一个小题

　　例题8：

　　Opportunists and Competitors

　　Paragraph 7：The opposite of an opportunist is a competitor. These organisms tend to have big bodies, are long-lived, and spend relatively little effort each year on reproduction. An oak tree is a good example of a competitor. A massive oak claims its ground for 200 years or more, outcompeting all other would-be canopy trees by casting a dense shade and drawing up any free water in the soil. The leaves of an oak tree taste foul because they are rich in tannins, a chemical that renders them distasteful or indigestible to many organisms. The tannins are part of the defense mechanism that is essential to longevity. Although oaks produce thousands of acorns, the investment in a crop of acorns is small compared with the energy spent on building leaves, trunk, and roots. Once an oak tree becomes established, it is likely to survive minor cycles of drought and even fire. A population of oaks is likely to be relatively stable through time, and its survival is likely to depend more on its ability to withstand the pressures of competition or predation than on its ability to take advantage of chance events. It should be noted, however, that the pure opportunist or pure competitor is rare in nature, as most species fall between the extremes of a continuum, exhibiting a blend of some opportunistic and some competitive characteristics.

　　According to the passage, oak trees are considered competitors because

　　They grow in areas free of opportunists

　　They spend more energy on their leaves, trunks and roots than on their acorns

　　Their population tends to increase or decrease in irregular cycles

　　Unlike other organisms, they do not need much water or sunlight